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BACKGROUND: Stem cells are still controversial for the treatment of old myocardial infarction. Multimodal imaging evaluation is one of the key points in the study of stem cell transplantation, which can evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of stem cell transplantation from the perspective of molecular imaging. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with different stem cell transplantation in patients with old myocardial infarction using multimodal imaging technology. METHODS: Sixty patients with old myocardial infarction were enrolled and randomly divided into three groups to receive CABG, CABG+autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation (CABG+BMC) or CABG+autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (CABG+PBSC), respectively. All the patients were scanned with gated PET/CT (13N-NH3?H2O/18F-FDG), echocardiography and coronary angiography at different time points orderly (at baseline, 1, 12 and 24 months after treatment). We compared the degree of coronary stenosis (%), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), percentage of defect size with myocardial perfusion/metabolic abnormal radioactive distribution (A) and the ratio of defect area (R).RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the diagnosis of survival myocardial segments, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for the gated PET/CT were 92.1%, 85.6%, 93.4% and 78.4%, respectively. After the above treatments, the extent of coronary stenosis decreased significantly in the three groups (P < 0.05), which was improved most at 1 month after treatment (P < 0.05). In the CABG+BMC and CABG+PBSC groups, the LVEF value increased significantly after treatment (P < 0.05). In the CABG+BMC group, the A value decreased significantly at 1 and 24 months after treatment as compared with the baseline (P < 0.05), and the A value was further decreased, indicating a significant difference at 12 and 24 months after treatment (P < 0.05). In the CABG+BMC group, the R value significantly decreased at 1 month after treatment compared with the baseline (P=0.019). To conclude, the multimodal imaging is better to evaluate the prognosis of patients undergoing CABG with different stem cell transplantation, which is beneficial for the selection of treatment and therapeutic evaluation in myocardial infarction patients. CABG combined with stem cell transplantation can improve the left ventricular function of patients in a short time, and CABG+BMC is superior to CABG+PBSC to improve the survived myocardial function in patients.
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The global incidence and mortality of colon cancer have significantly increased in recent years. Surgical therapy of colon cancer is difficult and colon cancer cells have strong metastatic capability. Because anticancer chemotherapy drugs are of high toxicity,the use of plant extracts has unique advantage in preventing and treating colon cancer. Anthocyanins are the natural water-sol-uble glycosidic pigments,the basic colors of red/purple fruits and vegetables and main flavonoids in daily dietary intake. Anthocyanins have been well documented to exert tumor suppressive effects on the occurrence and progression of colon cancer. This review aims to provide the up-to-date status of research on anthocyanins and colon cancer,speculate the molecular mechanisms,the anti-colon can-cer property of anthocyanins,and give the prospect of the potential clinical uses of anthocyanins.
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Reference intervals and decision limits are critical parts of the clinical laboratory report.The evaluation ot their correct use represents a tool to verify the post analytical quality.Four elements are identified as indicators:① The use of decision limits for lipids and glycated hemoglobin.② The use of common reference values.③The presence of gender-related reference intervals for at least the following common serum measurands (besides obviously the fertility relate hormones):alkaline phosphatase (ALP),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),creatine kinase (CK),creatinine,gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT),IgM,ferritin,iron,transferrin,urate,red blood cells (RBC),hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT).④) The presence of age-related reference intervals.The problem of specific reference intervals for elderly people is discussed,but their use is not recommended.On the contrary it is necessary the presence of pediatric age-related reference intervals at least for the following common serum measurands:ALP,amylase,creatinine,inorganic phosphate,lactate dehydrogenase,aspartate aminotransferase,urate,insulin like growth factor 1,white blood cells,RBC,Hb,HCT,alfafetoprotein and fertility related hormones.The lack of such reference intervals may imply significant risks for the patients.
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Important objectives of external quality assessment (EQA) is to detect analytical errors and urge laboratories to take corresponding corrective actions.The paper described knowledge required to interpret EQA results and present a structured approach on how to handle unacceptable EQA results.The interpretation of EQA results depends on five key points:the control material,the target value,the number of replicates,the acceptance limits and between lot variations in reagents.When there are unacceptable EQA results,these factors may be the sources of errors.The ideal EQA sample has two important properties:having no matrix effects;having a target value established with a reference method.If either of these two criteria is not entirely fulfilled,results not related to the performance of the laboratory may arise.To help and guide the laboratories in handling an unacceptable EQA result,National Center for Clinical Laboratories has developed a preliminary investigation on the sources of errors and corrective actions for nonconforming EQA results in fifteen EQA schemes.Then a flow chart with additional comments was developed based on the investigation and the document of QMS24 to help laboratories improve quality by use of EQA results.
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Objective To investigate the reasons of unacceptable results and corrective measures adopted in external quality assessment (EQA)for blood gas and acid-base analysis.Methods The reasons of unacceptable results and corrective measures for three EQA testing events of blood gas and acid-base analysis in 2016 were reported through EQA system based on web which was developed by National Central for Clinical Laboratories.The responses were divided into seven major groups,including EQA samples,errors in reporting results,methodology,equipments,techniques,EQA evaluations and unexplainable results after survey.Results The disqualified rates of EQA survey on blood gas and acid-base analysis were ranged from 0.5％ to 13.1％ and reporting rates of disqualification causes were ranged from 45.8％ to 69.0％ (except for the groups less than 20 laboratories).In the reasons for unacceptable results technological defects (35.9％ to 37.0％)were mainly associated with inappropriate specimen handling and/or storing,reagents and calibration problems.The defects of equipments (24.4％ to 27.9％) included mainly the malfunction and failure to adhere to scheduled instrument maintenance procedures.The errors in reporting results (12.2％ to 19.7％) were mostly transcription errors and reporting wrong codes.The unexplainable results after survey account for 8.7％ to 9.6％.The methodological defects (8.1％ to 11.8％) were largely attributed to inadequate training and quality control method.The defects of EQA evaluations (0.8％ to 3.3％)were all due to inappropriate grouping.The categorizations of the problems in the three EQA testing events were similar.The most corrective measures were appropriate,in which re-education and training for staff and improvement in instruments,reagents,internal quality control,calibration and process of reporting results were included.Conclusion The analysis and classification for reasons of unacceptable EQA results should be helpful for laboratories in identifying opportunities for improvement and adopting corrective measures in time.
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Objective To propose a practice model for implementing procedures employed for the verification of validated ex-amination procedures already used for at least 2 years in their laboratory,in agreement with the ISO 15189 requirement at the Section 5.5.1.2.Methods In order to identify the operative procedure to be used,approved documents were identified, together with the definition of performance characteristics to be evaluated for the different methods;the examination proce-dures used in laboratory were analyzed and checked for performance specifications reported by manufacturers.Then,opera-tive flow charts were identified to compare the laboratory performance characteristics with those declared by manufacturers. Results The choice of performance characteristics for verification was based on approved documents used as guidance,and the specific purpose tests undertaken,a consideration being made of:imprecision and trueness for quantitative methods;diag-nostic accuracy for qualitative methods;imprecision together with diagnostic accuracy for semi-quantitative methods.Conclu-sion The described approach,balancing technological possibilities,risks and costs and assuring the compliance of the funda-mental component of result accuracy,appears promising as an easily applicable and flexible procedure helping laboratories to comply with the ISO 15189 requirements.
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Objective To evaluate reference intervals consistency of 18 routine biochemistry among mutual recognition labora-tories by analyzing the information of reference intervals of these laboratories in Beijing-Tianjing-Hebei region.Methods Laboratories submitted the data of reference intervals via interval quality assessment(EQA)software which was based on WEB,then the background of the software save the data as Microsoft Excel 2007 document.Finally,the mutual recognition routine biochemical projects,including Kalium(K),Sodium(Na),Chlorinum(Cl),Calcium(Ca),Phosphorus(P),Total protein(TP),Albumin(ALB),Total cholesterol(TC),Triglyceride(TG),Creatinine(CRE),Urea(URE),Uric acid (UA),Glucose(GLU),Alanine amino transaminase(ALT),Aspartate aminotransferase(AST),γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT),Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and Creatine kinase(CK)of 56 mutual recognition laboratories were chosen,and perform analysis on upper and lower limits of reference intervals and their sources.Results The sources of reference inter-vals differ among different laboratories.As for projects owning hygiene professional standards(including K,Na,Cl,Ca,P, TP,ALB,CRE,URE,ALT,AST,GGT,LDH,CK),the primary sources were hygiene professional standards(23.1%~48.1%),manufacturer instructions of reagents/instrument(17.3%~41.8%)and National Clinical Laboratory Procedures (18.9% ~37.0%),as for projects which didn't have professional standards(including TC,TG,UA and GLU),the main sources were manufacturer instructions of reagents/instrument(>41.1%)and National Clinical Laboratory Procedures(>45.3%).Moreover,more than half of laboratories(50.9%~58.9%)had verified the reference intervals.There were little difference among laboratories in the upper and lower limits of Cl,Ca,P,K and GLU,but bigger difference for other projects. Conclusion The upper and lower limits of reference intervals werenot consistent among laboratories.In order to ensure the comparability of the test results in beijing-tianjin-hebei region,laboratories should use reference intervals based on the popu-lation of beijing-tianjin-hebei region or China.
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Objective To create and evaluate the PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) based on hsp65 gene as a method for rapid identification of Mycobacteria to the species level. Methods hsp65 gene was amplified from the DNA of mycobacterial reference strains and the PCR products were subjected to digestion by two restriction endonucleases Hae Ⅲ and Bstp Ⅰ, then loaded onto a 4% MetaPhor agorose. The size of the restricted fragments of each species (strains) was determined according to the position of the fragments on the gel, by which the differential DNA fingerprint was confirmed. Results A total of 40 Mycobacterium species (strains) was analyzed, in which six reference strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex had two different electrophoresis patterns, and thirty-four reference species of non-tuberculosis Mycobacteria had unique pattern. Conclusion PCR-RFLP Based upon hsp65 gene can be used for identification of Mycobacterium species, and the method is more rapid and simple and easy-to-use for mycobacterial species identification.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To synthesize two antigens-Ag85b and HspX of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv with molecular biological methods and to observe their biologic activity after co-administration of adjuvants (aluminum and/or CpG) in mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Recombinant expression plasmids pET30a-Ag85b and pET30a-HspX were constructed. The objective DNA fragments was characterized with restriction enzyme. Then the recombinant plasmids were transformed into E. coli BL-21, and two proteins were expressed by induction of isopropyl beta-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside. After purification with anion exchange column Source30, QHP, and hydrophobic chromatography column, two proteins were identified by amino acid sequencing. After the successful preparation of these two antigens, they were co-administered in mice with adjuvants of aluminum and/or CpG (Ag85b, Ag85b + Al, Ag85b + CpG, Ag85b + Al + CpG; HspX, HspX + Al, HspX + CpG, HspX + Al + CpG); one group received normal saline and served as the control. Splenic lymphocytes were isolated for enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay to detect the secreted specific interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma); in addition, lymphocytes proliferation test was performed to observe lymphocytes proliferation after in vitro stimulated with two antigens.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The purity of two proteins reached 95% after purification. The N-terminal amino acid sequence (15 aa) of the purified proteins was same as the target sequence. For Ag85b, the secreted specific IFN-gamma from isolated splenic lymphocytes after having been stimulated in vitro with Ag85b (80 microg/ml) remarkably increased in Ag85b + CpG group, Ag85b + Al group, and Ag85b + CpG + Al group; the changes were significantly different between these three groups and control group (P < 0.05). For HspX, the changes were significantly different between HspX + Al + CpG group and normal sodium group, although remarked increase of IFN-gamma was also observed in HspX group, HspX + Al group, and HspX + CpG group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ag85b and HspX were successfully expressed and purified. A cell-mediated immunity may be induced when the antigens are co-administered with adjuvants of aluminum and/or CpG in mice, indicating that the recombinant proteins are bioactive.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Acyltransferases , Therapeutic Uses , Adjuvants, Immunologic , Therapeutic Uses , Antigens, Bacterial , Therapeutic Uses , Bacterial Proteins , Therapeutic Uses , Escherichia coli , Immunity, Cellular , Interferon-gamma , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Allergy and Immunology , Metabolism , Recombinant Proteins , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Mycobacterium smegmatis vaccine on the level of nitric oxide (NO) produced by peritoneal macrophages in immunized mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Balb/c mice were randomized into low-dose, middle-dose, and high-dose groups (injected with different doses of Mycobacterium smegmatis vaccine) and a control group (injected with normal saline). Then the peritoneal macrophages were cultured with lipopolysaccharide in vitro. The supernatants were collected and the concentrations of NO were analyzed through the reaction with Griess reagents.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of NO produced by the peritoneal macrophages in the control group, low-dose group, middle-dose group, and high-dose group were (3.50 +/- 3.11), (16.63 +/- 6.47), (13.97 +/- 6.20), and (7.55 +/- 2.26) ng/ml, respectively. The levels of NO in all dosing groups were significantly different from that in control group (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mycobacterium smegmatis vaccine can promote the peritoneal macrophages to produce NO in mice.</p>